Exercise 17 Translate the sentences with the Present Participle.

a) as an attribute

1. The locomotives developing high speeds are used to draw passenger trains. 2. Ballast supporting the track structure is made of broken stone. 3. The engineers taking part in the conference spoke about the latest achievements of our railway engineering. 4. Countries facing the energy crisis have to introduce power-saving technologies. 5. Most of trains running the service on suburban lines operate on electricity.

b) as an adverbial modifier

1. Organizing international railway exhibitions we demonstrate the latest locomotives, cars, modern machinery. 2. Discussing the project the engineers spoke of its advantages. 3. The locomotive must develop a higher tractive effort when drawing a heavy train. 4. When designing the Trans-Caspian Railway the engineers had many difficulties. 5. The scientists paid great attention to railway electrification while working out the general development plant.

Exercise 18 Rewrite the sentences, using one of the following words and a participle clause with –ing.

while when after by on since

Model: He finished work and went home. – After finishing work he went home.

1. He read a book and ate his supper. 2. He worked hard and saved a lot of money. 3. I came to live in the country a few years ago. I now realize how much I hated living in town. 4. He graduated from the university, and went off to work in Australia. 5. When you go abroad, it is advisable to take out travel insurance. 6. I came across a wonderful book. I was browsing in our local bookshop. 7. I worked hard, and I managed to pass all my exams. 8. When you open a tin, be careful not to cut yourself. 9. When we heard the weather forecast, we decided not to go camping in the mountains.

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